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Controlled and restricted airspace in Australia is
constantly
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changing - both in the
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short term due to
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unscheduled operations

as well as in the longer
term in response to industry and community needs -
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safety improvement and the impact on our
environment. A greater understanding of
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flying in and around controlled and restricted
airspace Airspace can support pilots to operate
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more safely and avoid some of the most common
threats to safety - such as
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airspace infringements
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and runway incursions.

An airspace infringement
is the unauthorized entry of an aircraft into

airspace that requires
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a clearance to enter
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may be restricted or closed for the purposes
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of special flying activity or other reasons.
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If you're involved in an airspace infringement
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there's the potential for your aircraft to
operate in unsafe proximity to other aircraft
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or harmful activity such as where live weapons
are being fired. An airspace infringement may also

increase air traffic control or pilot workload
and result in delaying to other aircraft. When

planning your flight - make sure to use current
airspace charts. Thoroughly familiarise yourself

with local airspace and other aeronautical
issues. Brief yourself on restricted area

activations for your planned route - including
NOTAM briefings. And remember that some types

of restricted areas may not be displayed on
charts but will be activated by NOTAM. Also -

remember to consider the control area steps along
and around your planned route. And while flying -
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know your position accurately relative to CTA
steps and restricted area boundaries. Verify your

position if you unexpectedly arrive well ahead of
or
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after your anticipated arrival time. And if in doubt
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ask ATC for assistance. Remember to make
sure that your transponder is working before you
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fly. If operating VFR in class G or E airspace -
set your transponder to on or alt
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with code 1200 selected or the ATC assigned code. This will make
your aircraft visible to ATC and the Airborne

Collision Avoidance Systems in other aircraft - and
activate your ADS-B if fitted. Actively monitor
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the appropriate area radio frequency and monitor
transmissions. ATC may direct calls to you based

on your position - altitude or heading.
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Speak up if you think a transmission may have been
directed at you - even if you're not sure.

Remember that CTA steps may be based on various references -
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including the aerodrome DME
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the aerodrome reference point
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or runway threshold.

On the VTC
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the steps will refer to the datum used
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such as 12 DME or
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8 NMKRP.

Remember that controllers are there to help you. Depending on their workload, a controller can assist with
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navigation advice
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traffic information and weather. If you need
to change your pre-planned route - be cautious -
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as these situations can easily lead to airspace
infringements. If you require assistance with

an in-flight diversion or a clearance request -
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contact ATC as soon as possible. If you need a

clearance to enter an airspace - request it well
before reaching the CTA step. Five minutes prior is a good guide.
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A submitted flight notification
will expedite clearances as it makes it easier for

the air traffic controller to understand your
route and any changes you might want to make.

Remember - always have a contingency in case a
clearance is not available. Restricted areas
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may be permanent
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or temporary
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and not necessarily
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associated with military activity. Any restricted

area - including temporary restricted areas - can
be made active with
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short notice. TRAs associated

with military exercises can be found in the
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AIP sup. Restricted areas have an allocated status -

which is an indicator of the likelihood
of obtaining
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a clearance
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to fly through
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the airspace. NOTAMs may be issued to
indicate changes to the conditional status -

so it's important to check them during your
flight planning. Conditional status RA1.

Pilots may flight plan through the restricted
area and - under normal circumstances
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when the area is active - expect a clearance from ATC. RA2.
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Pilots cannot plan and should not expect a clearance through the area when active although tracking

may be offered on a tactical basis. RA3. Pilots
must not
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flight plan through the restricted area

and clearances will not be available. Read the
restricted area conditional status carefully and plan
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accordingly. If you cannot determine
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the conditional status of an area treat it as an RA3 and avoid it. If you have any doubt about the current status of a restricted

Area check with ATC on the area frequency. More pilot safety information about a range of subjects

is available on the Air Services website
at bit.ly forward slash

pilot safety for short.

If you have any questions or you'd like to
provide us some feedback - please email us at
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Safety promotions at airservicesaustralia.com.
Thanks for watching. Have a safe flight.